Memorandum of the Union of Entrepreneurs and Employers: in light of the dramatic increase in operating costs, we need a set of laws for micro-enterprises

Polish entrepreneurs have been struggling with numerous crises and skyrocketing operating costs since 2020. This impacts directly their financial situation. In 1Q 2022, 161 thousand companies suspended business activity, while 104.3 thousand shut it down…

Opinion of the Chief Economist of ZPP – summary of 2022 and prospects for 2023

The year 2022 could be called interesting, in the sense in which the Chinese use the curse “may you live in interesting times”.  The beginning of the year brought concerns about inflation (although even pessimists predicted a peak in consumer inflation of approximately 10% year-on-year)…

Summary of 2022 in the energy industry as a year of changes and challenges

With Russia’s attack on Ukraine on 24 February 2022, the old order to which the European continent had been accustomed to for more than 20 years, was gone. Until that day, fluctuations in energy commodity prices were stabilized by the steady supply from Russia…