The year 2022 could be called interesting, in the sense in which the Chinese use the curse “may you live in interesting times”.  The beginning of the year brought concerns about inflation (although even pessimists predicted a peak in consumer inflation of approximately 10% year-on-year)…

With Russia’s attack on Ukraine on 24 February 2022, the old order to which the European continent had been accustomed to for more than 20 years, was gone. Until that day, fluctuations in energy commodity prices were stabilized by the steady supply from Russia…

Since October 2022, Russia has systematically and methodically been destroying Ukraine’s critical infrastructure. The percentage of heavily damaged energy infrastructure is continuously growing and, according to partners of the Union of Entrepreneurs and Employers, already exceeded 60% before Christmas 2022…

 “Business for Ukraine Center” is a project of the Union of Entrepreneurs and Employers (ZPP) and the Totalizator Sportowy Foundation, which aims to support the development of Polish-Ukrainian economic relations in the difficult conditions of war and continued attacks by the Russian army on infrastructure and industrial facilities in Ukraine. The center is expected to help several hundred entrepreneurs and companies from Ukraine…

Recent years have not been conducive to macroeconomic forecasts. Traditional time-series econometrics works well especially in conditions of relative calmness.  Although a properly constructed model is resistant to shocks (those fade over time), geopolitical chaos makes forecasting based on the past complicated. Under such conditions, machine learning models or neural networks can be used…

In Poland, the number of persons receiving a pension is growing. Based on the Statistics Poland data, approximately 5.98 million persons were receiving pension in the period from January to April 2021. After a slight decline in the period from May to August, the number of beneficiaries increased to 5.999 million in September and was growing.  In October 2021, 6.02 million persons were receiving pension, 6.03 million in November and 6.04 million in December of the same year…